{"id":776,"date":"2019-07-10T15:14:41","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T14:14:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/?p=776"},"modified":"2025-03-11T14:27:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T14:27:09","slug":"sole-trader-vs-limited-company-tax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/self-assessment-basics\/sole-trader-vs-limited-company-tax\/","title":{"rendered":"Sole trader vs limited company tax breakdown"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you&#8217;re thinking about going solo, a quick breakdown of <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong> can make all the difference in making the right call. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each option has its pros and cons, and understanding the tax side of things is key to making a smart, informed decision.  \u2728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u2019s the difference between a sole trader and a limited company?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As a sole trader, you\u2019re self-employed in the UK, with no real legal separation between you and your business. This means you\u2019re personally responsible for any business debts, putting your assets, like your house or car at risk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll also need track your income and <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/self-assessment-basics\/register-as-self-employed\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">register with HMRC for Self Assessment<\/a>. To stay as protected as possible, you might want to consider professional indemnity insurance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the flip side, a limited company (LTD) is its own legal entity, registered at <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/companies-house\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Companies House<\/a>. Your business finances are separate from your personal ones, so you\u2019re not personally liable for the company\u2019s debts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong>, sole traders are taxed on their profits as personal income, while an LTD is taxed separately, which can lead to better tax efficiency and potential savings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sole trader vs limited company tax must-know&#8217;s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re not trying to poop the party, but we are your friendly neighbourhood tax know-it-alls, so we\u2019ll bring tax into it every time.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So with that being said, let\u2019s talk about the implications of <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div> <!-- .c-body -->\n\n<div class=\"b-highlight-mini m-yellow m-align-left\">\n    <div class=\"b-block-body\">\n        <p><strong>Sole trader tax 101(s):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You&#8217;ll pay <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/income-tax\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Income Tax <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on what you earn from self-employment after deducting your allowable expenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your expenses aren\u2019t extortionate (or in this case, less than \u00a31,000) keep it simple. Just use the tax-free <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/list-self-employment-allowances\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trading Allowance.<\/a> No receipts, no problem.<\/span><\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div> <!-- .b-highlight-mini -->\n\n<div class=\"c-body\">\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tax in 10(ish) seconds - how does the Trading Allowance work?\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UWvnfhudHqE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>And if you want to keep your receipts but prefer storing them online, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/bookkeeping-expenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">use our AI data-extraction tool to take a picture<\/a>, and keep it in your account for later use. \ud83c\udf89<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div> <!-- .c-body -->\n\n<div class=\"b-highlight-mini m-blue m-align-left\">\n    <div class=\"b-block-body\">\n        <p><strong>Limited company tax 101(s):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Okay, if you&#8217;re going down the LTD route, the first thing you need to figure out is how to pay yourself. Here are your options:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Salary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/paye\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PAYE<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Pay As You Earn) is the most straightforward.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dividends<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: your company pays<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/company-tax\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Corporation Tax<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> first, then you get your share.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>combination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of both.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div> <!-- .b-highlight-mini -->\n\n<div class=\"c-body\">\n\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you go the sole trader route or the LTD route, there are always tax tidbits to consider, making the choice between <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong> a personal decision rather than a one-size-fits-all one.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What\u2019s the deal with National Insurance?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/national-insurance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Insurance<\/a> (NI) contributions also differ when comparing <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong> setups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you&#8217;re a sole trader, then you need to pay <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/class-4-national-insurance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Class 4<\/a> NI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you run a LTD, you\u2019re more than likely the <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/company-director\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">director,<\/a> so you\u2019ll need to pay NI for both yourself as an employee and as an employer (and you\u2019ve got to follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/employee-directors#:~:text=Directors%20are%20classed%20as%20employees,rules%20for%20tax%20on%20dividends.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HMRC\u2019s guidance<\/a> on how to pay it and what to report).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For LTD owners, the NI contributions can be higher, which is why many small business owners opt to pay themselves a smaller salary and supplement the rest with dividends to reduce their NI costs.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div> <!-- .c-body -->\n\n<div class=\"b-highlight-mini m-neutral m-align-left\">\n    <div class=\"b-block-body\">\n        <p><b>National Insurance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rates in the 2025\/26 tax year \ud83d\udc47<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>NI class<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Who pays?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>How much?<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class 1<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employees earning over \u00a312,570<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8% on earnings between \u00a3242 and \u00a3967 per week<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2% if you earn \u00a3967+ per week<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class 1A\/1B<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Employers<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">15%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class 3<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voluntary contributions<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a317.75 per week<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Class 4<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Self-employed earning over \u00a312,570<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6% on profits between \u00a312,570-\u00a350,270<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2% on profits over \u00a350,270<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div> <!-- .b-highlight-mini -->\n\n<div class=\"c-body\">\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The return process<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The filing process is another area where differences become clear:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re a sole trader, you only need to file a <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/self-assessment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Self Assessment<\/a> tax return once a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You can do it yourself for free through HMRC <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Or use a tax <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/self-assessment-tax-returns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">return service<\/a> like Taxfix<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re not completely sold on getting your tax return sorted and filed for you, we get it. Read our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/platform\/taxscouts-vs-hmrc-self-assessment-whats-the-difference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HMRC vs Taxfix<\/a> to get the inside scoop on what makes us the obvious choice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you do business through a LTD, then you need to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prepare annual accounts \u2705<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File an annual Company Tax Return to HMRC \u2705<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>File an annual return to Companies House \u2705<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For many, the filing process is one of the deciding factors when comparing <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong> structures. <\/p>\n\n\n<\/div> <!-- .c-body -->\n\n<div class=\"b-highlight-mini m-nude m-align-left\">\n    <div class=\"b-block-body\">\n        <h2><b>Other factors to consider<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Start-up costs: it&#8217;s free to register as a sole trader but there\u2019s a small incorporation fee to pay Companies House<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Privacy: LTD directors have to provide their details to Companies House, which is available to the public<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Credibility: depending on your clients, this could affect how you choose to proceed (some companies prefer to do business with other LTDs or with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/glossary\/vat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">VAT<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-registered sole traders)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bookkeeping: sole trader finances can be easier to track (especially with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/taxfix.com\/en-uk\/bookkeeping\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free tools<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like ours), while LTDs often need to resort to hiring someone<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Funding: it\u2019s notoriously difficult to get a business loan as a sole trader, but it can be done!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div> <!-- .b-highlight-mini -->\n\n<div class=\"c-body\">\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to go from sole trader to limited company \u267b\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Register your limited company with Companies House<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Let HMRC know you\u2019re not a sole trader anymore<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transfer your sole trader business to your LTD (like business assets, although this may not apply to everyone)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Set up a business bank account in your LTD name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Let the relevant people (like stakeholders) know about the change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Register your LTD for Corporation Tax and PAYE<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;It&#8217;s completely up to you whether you start as sole trader and then set up a limited company down the line, or if you set it up straight away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you ever want to make a switch to go from sole trader to limited company, it\u2019s a straightforward process \ud83d\ude4c<\/p>\n\n\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/static.elfsight.com\/platform\/platform.js\" data-use-service-core defer><\/script> <\/p>\n<div class=\"elfsight-app-b3abc3f9-5655-42a9-adb4-882903674975\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The big decision&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When it comes to <strong>sole trader vs limited company tax<\/strong>, there\u2019s no cut-and-dried answer. Sole traders keep things simple but take on more personal risk, while limited companies get tax perks but have extra admin to deal with. Weigh up the pros, the cons, and of course, the tax before making your move.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you&#8217;re thinking about going solo, a quick breakdown of sole trader vs limited company tax can make all the difference in making the right call. Each option has its pros and cons, and understanding the tax side of things is key to making a smart, informed decision. \u2728 What\u2019s the difference between a sole [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[439,435],"tags":[414,348,137,411],"class_list":["post-776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-registration-and-filing-your-tax-return","category-self-assessment-basics","tag-employment-status","tag-income-tax","tag-national-insurance","tag-self-employed"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sole trader vs limited company tax breakdown &#8211; Taxfix<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There\u2019s no one-size-fits-all answer when it comes to sole trader vs limited company tax. 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